فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، پاییز 1394)

Cytotoxic effect of extract leaves of T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen on Human Lang Cell. T. kotschyanus BOISS. & Hohen was used in traditional medicine such as anti-inflammation, antispasmodic and gastrointestinal aim of this study was to survey the cytotoxic effects the of ethanol of leave of thymus kotschyanus on A-549 cell line. T. kotschyanus was collected on spring 2014 from Selseleh regions of Lorestan province leaves plant for 3 days at room temperature. Dried herd powder was and extract ethanol. After preparing extract 25, 50, 100, 20, 500 μg/ml concentration for extract leveas T. kotschyanus on the cells were evaluated for 7 2 hours. Cytotoxic effects of T. kotschyanus extract leveas T. kotschyanus against cancer cell was measured by using SPSS. Results shows that, the extracts leaves ethanol T. kotschyanus has cytotoxic effects on A-549 cell lien. The finding suggest that extracts ethanol leaves T. kotschyanus to existence phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids has an inhibitory effect on the A549 cell line.

Injection of sulpiride (D2 receptor antagonist, antipsychotic drug) into VMN hypothalamus, increased gastric volume secretion and decreased gastric pH. The present study the effect of SCH23390 (D1 dopamine receptor antagonist) on the gastric acid secretion and its acidity were studied. 70 rats were divided into 7 groups: two control groups, two sham groups given medicine solvents, a SCH23390 group (7.5µg), and bromocriptine group (25µg) and a mixed group: SCH23390 7.5µg along with bromocriptine 25µg. Gastric secretion volume was taken by syringe 2CC and by using SPSS program the groups were compared (Test Anova). Results showed that SCH23390 group (7.5µg) could increase volume of gastric secretion and decrease gastric acidity, while Bromocriptine (25µg) could not affect gastric volume secretion and its acidity. However, bromocriptine (25µg) along with SCH23390 7.5µg significantly increased gastric volume secretion and its acidity. So the dopaminergic system of the VMN has a considerable effect on the secretion of the exocrine glands in the digestive system.

The Syrphidae family with almost 6000 described species, 15 Tribes and 3 subfamilies is one of the largest families of Diptera. They known as hoverflies or flowerflies. The larvae of subfamily Syrphinae are considered the specialized aphidophagous predators play an important role in the reduction of aphid populations in agroecosystems. Almost all the adult syrphids feed on pollen or nectar and they are crucial agent inpollinating process. A survey was conducted to identify the hoverflies in Roshtkhar city (Razavi Khorasan Province) during 2010-2011 led to collected 340 specimens. Sampeling was done in 4 period from 2 station. Among of all specimens, 26 species belonging to 12 genera and 2 subfamilies (Syrphinae and Eristalinae) were verified. Their larvaes feeds contain: 18 predatory species, 5 saprophages species and 3 phytophagus species were identified. That all of them were newly recorded for the Roshtkhar region. That all of them were newly recorded for the Roshtkhar region.

Environmental factors including salinity and temperature can affect the physiology and performance of the growth of fish, so many of internal organs such as gill may be showed wide range of morphological and functional changes. Fingerling common carp were exposed for 21 days in groups at 20, 25 and 30°C and three salinity levels 0, 5 and 10ppt. Histological changes of gills tissue of common carp with average weight and length 38.28 ± 0.58 g and 14.04 ± 0.10 cm respectively is studied. After biometry, sampling was performed on 7 and 21 and transferred to the laboratory. The gill arc was fixed in Bouin's solution for 24-48 hours. To evaluate the chloride cells in the gill tissue of the fish, PAS-hematoxylin were used. The results showed that the size and number of chloride cells increased by increasing the temperature and salinity. The maximum number and size of chloride cells was observed at treatment with temperature 30 °C and salinity 10ppt. In conclusion, it could be stated that the number and size of chloride cells in the gill were affected by combined environmental factors, salinity and temperature.

GABA is a neurotransmitter that is an essential role in the inhibition of pain and GABA signals responsible for chronic pain. Parabrachial nucleus is involved in cognitive and emotional aspects of pain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inhibitory effect of bicuculline on the fusiform neurons of the parabrachial nucleus on tonic pain model in rats. In this study, 35 male Wistar rats weighting approximately 250-300g were divided into four groups: Control, 50, 100 and 200 ng/rat. Bicycling was injected through the cannula in Parabrachial area using a Hamilton syringe and polyethylene tubing. Formalin tests were used in this study and then fusiform cells were counted using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The fusiform cells in Control and the doses of 50 and 100 ng/rat groups did not change significantly, but in the dose of 200ng group, the cells in parabrachial nucleus were significantly reduced (p<0.05). The results of our study indicated that nociceptive stimulation causes changes in the number of fusiform neurons in parabrachial nucleus and it expresses the relationship between function and the number of cells at the highest dose of the antagonist of GABA cells in chronic pain.

Since amphibians feeds on insects, they have crucial role in controlling the population of pests in various ecosystems. Although their importance is clear, but systematics and biodiversity of them has been poorly studied. The aim of this research, conducted in 2014, is to identify amphibians of Talesh Township and their biological roles in pest control. Sampling procedure has been done by hand and hand net and 407 specimens have been collected. Specimens were released after the photography, identification and stomach flushing, and afew specimens fixed in 10% formalin after using anesthesia and stored in Talesh PNU laboratory. In this study, 5 species from 3 genera and 3 families were identified. The examination of amphibian stomach contents showed that the insects (with 15 order) are the most frequent and among various insects, Hymenoptera has the largest frequency. Comparing these results with those of other studies showed that this region has a variety of amphibians. Similarity between amphibian stomach contents and reported agricultural pests, showed that amphibians could be a useful biological controlling tool and an appropriate substitution for chemical toxicants as they have minimal negative effects on ecosystems.

The aim of this study is to determine the level of people’s awareness and willingness towards the protection of Persian wild ass (Equus hemionus onager), to recommend solutions that can improve management and conservation of this species. In this descriptive-analytical study, 660 people from Fars province were chosen via the clustered method. A questionnaire comprising items about the people’s demographics as well as their knowledge and cooperation regarding to protection of Persian wild ass was completed for all the study population through interviews. Subsequently, descriptive statistics, x2, ttest and Kruskal-wallis test were employed for analysis using SPSS Software (version 21). Result showed that, 63.6 percent of the cases had poor knowledge and 40.5% had no desire to support of this species. On the other hand, there were a significant correlation between knowledge and sex and awareness and age (P < 0.05). The highest level of knowledge was found among those with university levels of education. There was not a significant correlation between willingness to supports of Persian wild ass and educational levels (P < 0.05). Consequently, given that the majority of the people’s under study had poor knowledge and function about Persian wild ass protection and conservation, it seems advisable that regular and systematic training programs be devised in relation to population decrease prevention strategies such as practical classes on protection of Persian wild ass.

Studies have shown that birds due to being in the high trophic levels on the ecosystems, and also high sensitivity to toxic substances are a useful indicator for the evaluation of mercury pollution. The objective of the present study was to evaluate mercury level in the feathers of Turdus philomelos and Turdus merula in khanikan forests as an indicator of mercury contamination. To attain this aim, 37 samples belonging to two species were collected from khanikan forests, located in southern part of Noushahr and Chalous cities. Feather samples were removed in the lab. Level of mercury was determined by Mercury Analyzer AMA 254. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. According to the results of this study, mercury levels in feathers of Turdus philomelos (0.98 µg/g) and Turdus merula (0.94 µg/g) was too lower than standard limit (5 µg/g), and also there was no significant difference between two species in terms of mercury level. These results showed that habitat of these species were not heavily polluted by mercury. According to biomagnification of mercury in trophic levels, can be concluded that because of seed eating habits of Turdus philomelos and Turdus merula, low levels of mercury accumulated in feathers of these species

Bavanat County, with an area of 4992 km², is located in north east of Fars province. During a long-term avifauna survey in the area which lasted 8 years (2007 2014), 85 bird species belonging to 12 orders and 32 families, identified and reported. The order Passeriformes with 61 species was the most diverse order in the study area. The most diverse families were Turdidae, Fringillidae and Corvidae with 18, 6 and 6 species respectively. Due to lack of natural and human made waterbodies in the study area, only one water bird species was recorded in Bavanat County. The County has a suitable habitats for the presence of terrestrial birds, especially in the spring and summer seasons.